• In the vision of the Semantic Web (SW), not only human, computer can use data beyond displaying purpose. Two main requirements for data on the SW:
  • Structured data: point to specific pieces of data
  • Explicit “meaning” => ontologies
• Current situation:
  • Data is still stored in XML.
  • A few web-sites and companies use XML in representing data.
• Vast amount of structured data
  • XML have “no meaning”
  • Small “ontologies” in RDF Schema/DAML+OIL
• Missing important link: existing data n domain knowledge represented in ontologies.

• How to interpreting these current data as RDF to be used by SW which ensure below requirements:
  • Maintain XML structure
  • Provide more semantics about data
  • Use existing RDF syntaxes
  • Transform data automatically
• Most of existing approaches provide new RDF syntaxes for XML and Relational DB which require human intervention and sometimes bear little meaning.

Our process combines two main steps. The first step is to map DTD/XML Schema to an ontology which is represented in RDF Schema. The second one is to transform XML data into RDF statements and generated result is displayed in graphs.
The general architecture of the framework is described in below picture:

1. A novel model for data transformation was designed and formally described. The model differs from other approaches (Section 2.3) – it is simpler than others while supporting all features of RDF and RDFS. The direct consequences of this simplicity are higher usability and performance. To reach such parameters, we:
   • identified correspondences between XML model (based on XML Schema and DTD) and RDFS and also between the structure of XML data and RDF and
   • divided the transforming architecture into two steps: one for schema mapping and another for instance transformation based on schema mapping.
2. The part of the formal data transformation model is a proposal of high performance algorithm for data transformation.
3. The transformation is done automatically and does not influence by human invention.
   Retain XML structure as well as add more meaning to the XML data.

1. Sergey Melnik, “Bridging the gap between RDF and XML”, 1999, http://www-db.stanford.edu/melnik/rdf/syntax.html
2. B.Amann, I.Fundulaki, M.Scholl, C.Beeri, and A-M.Vercoustre, “Mapping XML fragments to community Web ontologies”, 4th International Workshop on the Web and Databases, 2001.
   Michel Klein, “Interpreting XML via an RDF Schema”, 2002, Database and Expert Systems Applications.
3. Matthias Ferdinand, Christian Zirpins, and David Trastour, “Lifting XML Schema to OWL”, 2004, Web Engineering – 4th International Conference, ICWE, pp. 354–358.
4. Roberto García, Ferran Perdrix, and Rosa Gil, “Ontological Infrastructure for a Semantic Newspaper”, 2006, Semantic Web Annotations for Multimedia Workshop, SWAMM’06, UK.
   Hannes Bohring, and S¨oren Auer, “Mapping XML to OWL Ontologies”, 2005, Marktplatz Internet: Von e-Leanrning bis e-Payment,LIT2005, Germany, pp. 147-156.
5. Toni Rodrigues, Pedro Rosa, and Jorge Cardoso, “Mapping XML to Existing OWL Ontologies”, 2006, International Conference WWW/Internet.
6. Michel Klein, Dieter Fensel, F.V. Harmelen, and Ian Horrocks, “The relation between ontologies and XML schemas”, 2001.
7. Pham Thi Thu Thuy, Young-Koo Lee, Sungyoung Lee and Byeong-Soo Jeong, “Transforming Valid XML Documents into RDF via RDF Schema”, 3rd International Conference on Next Generation Web Services Practices, NWESP’07, IEEE Computer Society, Oct 29th-31st, 2007, Seoul, Korea, pp. 35-40.
8. Pham Thi Thu Thuy, Young-Koo Lee, Sungyoung Lee and Byeong-Soo Jeong, “Exploiting XML Schema for Interpreting XML Documents as RDF”, International Conference on Services Computing 2008, SCC’08, IEEE Computer Society, Hawaii, July 2008.