D

D character

field descriptor meaning, 91

d2f instruction, 176

d2i instruction, 177

d2l instruction, 178

dadd instruction, 179

in Java Virtual Machine assembly language examples

constants and local variables in a for loop, 343, 344

while loop, 349

daemon threads

term definition, 53

daload instruction, 181

dastore instruction, 182

data

areas

runtime, pc register, 61

runtime, Java stacks, 62

runtime, heap, 63

runtime, method area, 63

runtime, constant pool, 64

runtime, native method stacks, 65

structures, class files, (chapter), 83

types, Java Virtual Machine, 57

data types, 6

See also attributes table; boolean type; byte type; char type; constant_pool table; double type; fields table; float type; int type; integral; long type; null type; reference type; returnAddress type; short type; String type

arguments, structural constraints on instructions, 122

arrays, Java Virtual Machine mapping, 74

categories, 7

checking

checkcast, 174

checkcast_quick, 393

instanceof, 256

instanceof_quick, 401

class file data, methods that can read, 83

classes compared with, 13

conversion

and numeric promotion impact on, 13

instructions, 77

Java storage, mapping between Java Virtual Machine computational types and (table), 74

Java Virtual Machine instruction set

encoding of, 72

mapping between Java storage types and computational types (table), 74

support for (table), 73

primitive, 7

two-word, structural constraints on instructions, 122

data-flow analysis

code array, 126

initialization, Pass 3 - bytecode verifier, 129

running, Pass 3 - bytecode verifier, 129

dcmpg instruction, 183

in Java Virtual Machine assembly language examples

constants and local variables in a for loop, 343

while loop, 349, 350

dcmpl instruction, 183

in Java Virtual Machine assembly language examples, while loop, 350

dconst_<d> instructions, 184

in Java Virtual Machine assembly language examples

constants and local variables in a for loop, 343

while loop, 349

ddiv instruction, 185

debugging

Java Virtual Machine implementation issues, 82

defineClass method

ClassLoader class, constant pool resolution of classes and interfaces loaded by, 145

defining

new attributes, 107

denormalized

term definition, 8

descriptor_index item

(CONSTANT_NameAndType_info structure), 100

(field_info structure), 103

(LocalVariableTable_attribute structure), 117

(method_info structure), 106

descriptors

characteristics and use, 89

field

descriptors (cont.)

as value of CONSTANT_Utf8_info structure referenced by descriptor_index item, CONSTANT_NameAndType_info structure, 100

as value of CONSTANT_Utf8_info structure referenced by descriptor_index item, field_info structure, 103

structural constraints on instructions, 123

syntax and item descriptions, 90

syntax and meaning, 90

grammar for specification of, 90

method

argument number limitation, 136

as value of CONSTANT_Utf8_info structure referenced by descriptor_index item, CONSTANT_NameAndType_info structure, 100

syntax and item descriptions, 91

dimensions

arrays, field descriptor specification, 91

direct

directly implement, term definition, 30

extension, term definition, 30

subclass, term definition, 25

superclass, term definition, 25

dividing

double, ddiv, 185

float, fdiv, 213

int, idiv, 243

long, ldiv, 295

dload instruction, 187

constraints, static, 121

dload_<n> instructions, 188

constraints, static, 121

in Java Virtual Machine assembly language examples

constants and local variables in a for loop, 343, 344

while loop, 349, 350

dmul instruction, 189

dneg instruction, 191

do nothing

nop, 322

double type

See also floating-point

adding, dadd, 179

characteristics and values, 59

comparing

dcmpg, 183

dcmpl, 183

compilation of, Java Virtual Machine assembly language examples, 343

converting

float to, f2d, 204

int to, i2d, 234

long to, l2d, 282

to float, d2f, 176

to int, d2i, 177

to long, d2l, 178

data-flow analysis handling, 131

dividing, ddiv, 185

double-precision floating-point constant, representation, syntax and item descriptions, 97

field descriptor specification, 91

fields

getting from class instances, getfield2_quick, 398

putting into class instances, putfield2_quick, 426

loading from

arrays, daload, 181

local variables, dload, 187

local variables, dload_<n>, 188

multiplying, dmul, 189

negating, dneg, 191

pushing

wide index, ldc2_w, 294

wide index, ldc2_w_quick, 419

pushing constants, dconst_<d>, 184

remainder, drem, 192

storing into

arrays, dastore, 182

local variables, dstore, 195

local variables, dstore_<n>, 196

subtracting, dsub, 197

term definition, 58

values, 7

return from method, dreturn, 194

drem instruction, 192

dreturn instruction, 194

constraints, structural, 123

in Java Virtual Machine assembly language examples, constants and local variables in a for loop, 344

dstore instruction, 195

constraints, static, 121

in Java Virtual Machine assembly language examples, accessing the constant pool, 347

dstore_<n> instructions, 196

constraints, static, 121

in Java Virtual Machine assembly language examples

constants and local variables in a for loop, 343

while loop, 349

dsub instruction, 197

dup instruction, 198

dup instructions

in Java Virtual Machine assembly language examples

arrays, 358

operand stack operations, 361

throwing exceptions, 362

working with class instances, 355

operand stack manipulation constraints, 67

dup_x1 instruction, 199

dup_x2 instruction, 200

dup2 instruction, 201

dup2_x1 instruction, 202

in Java Virtual Machine assembly language examples, operand stack operations, 361

dup2_x2 instruction, 203

duplicating

See also dup instructions

top operand stack word

dup, 198

dup_x1, 199

dup_x2, 200

top two operand stack words

dup2, 201

dup2_x1, 202

dup2_x2, 203

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Java Virtual Machine Specification

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