T

tables

in class file specification, 93
tableswitch instruction

See also lookupswitch instruction
code array alignment effect, 121
compilation examples, compiling switches, 384
constraints, static, 134
definition, 358
tag item

(CONSTANT_Class_info structure), 104
(CONSTANT_Double_info structure), 109
(CONSTANT_Fieldref_info structure), 105
(CONSTANT_Integer_info structure), 107
(CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref_info structure), 105
(CONSTANT_Long_info structure), 109
(CONSTANT_Methodref_info structure), 105
(CONSTANT_NameAndType_info structure), 110
(CONSTANT_String_info structure), 106
(CONSTANT_Utf8_info structure), 112
term definitions

abrupt completion, 74
abstract

class, 28
method, 32

array, 38

access expression, 39
component, 38
component type, 38
component, as kind of variable, 13
creation expression, 12, 39
element, 38
element type, 38
empty, 38
initializer, 39
length of, 38
type, 11
variable, 38

ASCII, 6
assign, as thread action, 398
assignable, 21
assignment

compatible, 13, 21

binding, of native methods, 170
bootstrap class loader, 158
bytecode, 2
caller, 41
catch clause, 40
caught, 40
class

abstract, 28
creation, 158
current, 72
declaration, 28
final, 28
initial, 46, 158
instance, 12
instance creation expression, 12
method, 33
modifier, 28
public, 28
strictfp, 28
type, 11
variable, 13

class loader

bootstrap, 158, 160
defining, 159
delegating, 159
initiating, 159
user-defined, 158, 160

compile-time type, 13
complete abruptly, 40
constant field, 52
constant pool

class file format, 103
runtime, 70

constructor, 34

default, 34
parameter, as kind of variable, 14

conversion

assignment, 21
binary numeric promotion, 23
casting, 23
context, 16
method invocation, 22
narrowing primitive, 18
narrowing reference, 19
unary numeric promotion, 23
widening primitive, 17
widening reference, 19

current frame, 71
default value, 14
denormalized, 11

floating-point number, 85

descriptor, 99
direct

directly implement, 35
extension, 35
subclass, 29
superclass, 29
superinterface, 36

dynamically enclosed, 41
exception, 39

class, 41
handler parameter, as kind of variable, 14

extends clause, 29
field, 29

final, 30
private, 30
protected, 30
public, 30
static, 30
transient, 30
volatile, 31

final

class, 28
field, 30
method, 33

finalizer, 56
floating-point type, 62, 63
formal parameter, 32
garbage collection, 12
gradual underflow, 11
handle, 41, 75
heap, 68
hiding, 30
identifier, 6
implement, 36
inheritance, 29
initial class, 158
initialization, 51, 170
instance

method, 33
variable, 13

interface, 35

type, 11

item, 93
Java virtual machine stack, 67
JIT (just-in-time) code generation, 363
lazy resolution, 49
linking, 164
literal, 6

false, 6
null, 6
true, 6

loading, class or interface, 158
local variable, 14, 72
lock, 12, 59, 397

lock action, by main memory subsystem, 399
operation, action by thread, 399
unlock action, by main memory subsystem, 399

master copy, 397
meaning of "must" in instruction descriptions, 171
member, 25

class, 28

memory

main, 397
working, 397

method, 31

abstract, 32
area, 69
current, 71
final, 33
main, 158
main, 46
native, 33
parameter, as kind of variable, 13
private, 33
protected, 32
public, 32
static, 33
strictfp, 33
synchronized, 33

monitor, 59
name

class, 28
qualified, 24
simple, 24

native method, 33
native method stack, 70
normal completion, 74
null reference, 66
numeric

promotion, 16
types, 62

object, 11, 62
opcode, 80
operand, 80

stack, 73

overloading, 26

in interfaces, 37

overriding, 26

in interfaces, 37

package, 24
pc register, 67
pointer, 12
precise exception, 43
preparation, 50, 164
primitive

type, 7
types, 62
value, 7
values, 62

private

field, 30
method, 32

protected method, 32
public

class, 28
field, 30
method, 32

qualified access, 26
read action by thread, 398
reference

type, 11, 66
value, 12

resolution, 50, 165
returnAddress type, 62
round to nearest, 11, 85
round towards zero, 11, 85
runtime constant pool, 70
signature, 32
static

initializer, 33
resolution, 49

static

field, 30
method, 33

store action by thread, 399
strictfp

class, 28
method, 33

string, 6
subclass, 29
super method, 34
superclass, 29
superinterface, 36
symbolic reference, 156
synchronized method, 33
synchronizing, 58
this object, 33
thrown, 39
transient field, 30
try statement, 40
unloading, class or interface, 57
unlock action by thread, 399
use

actions by threads, 398
of values, by thread, 59

user-defined class loader, 158, 160
variable, 13, 397

class, 30
instance, 30
transient, 30

verification, 164
version skew, 140
volatile field, 31
wait set, 413
working copy, 397
write action by thread, 399
terminal symbols

descriptors grammar notation, 99
this_class item

(ClassFile structure), 97
this object

definition, 33
instance creation role, 55
locks use with, 33
threads

See also synchronization
(chapter), 397
actions, 397
constraints on relationships among actions of, 399
creation, 412
definition, 58
frames use with, 71
Java virtual machine stack, 67
memory interaction with, ordering rules, 60
native method stacks, 70
pc register, 67
shared

data areas, heap, 68
data areas, method area, 69
variables, mechanisms for handling, 31

synchronization issues during initialization, 52
Throwable class

exceptions as instances or subclasses of, 40
throwing

exceptions, athrow, 186
throw statement, as exception cause, 41
Throwable as exception hierarchy root, 43
Throwable exceptions as instances or subclasses, 40
timing

dependencies, in concurrent programming, 59
transient modifier

See also ACC_TRANSIENT flag
definition, 30
try-catch-finally statement

See also exceptions
as exception handling statement, 79
exception handling use of, 42
try-finally statement

See also exceptions
exception handling use of, 42
Sun's Java compiler output characteristics, 149